Explanatory dictionary of concepts and terms

I SHOULD HAVE POSTED THIS A LONG TIME AGO. I'll put in in between 11. and 12., (about 36%), but I won't email it.

Ermolaev V. Y. Explanatory dictionary of concepts and terms. Edited by L.N.Gumilev. - in the book by L.N.Gumilev. Ethnogenesis and the Biosphere of the Earth. - L.: Publishing House of LSU. 1989. (We have that book uploaded in the library.) It is another long one.

In 1976 , the author of this book wrote: "Unfortunately, we cannot immediately offer precise definitions, which, generally speaking, greatly facilitate the study, but at least we have the opportunity to make primary generalizations." And it was quite natural: after all, to define a phenomenon means to reduce it to simpler and more obvious forms that reflect the patterns of its development.

However, in the mid-seventies, the patterns of ethnogenesis had yet to be described and understood. The first three issues of our work were devoted to such an empirical generalization. And only now, almost ten years later, we can define the basic terms and concepts of ethnology.

The need for such definitions is obvious. First, it is necessary to define the basic concepts of ethnology in order to further develop it. Secondly, definitions are necessary in order to avoid possible misunderstandings with opponents in the future when interpreting the basic concepts of ethnology. And finally, thirdly, ethnology has developed over the past decade and already requires clarifications in the conceptual apparatus reflecting this development. In this sense, the definitions given below, of course, do not pretend to be final.

_____________________

Proximity aberration is an exaggeration of the grandiosity of recent events compared to earlier ones.

Distance aberration is the vagueness of distant phenomena, which creates a false impression of their insignificance.

State aberration is the observer's perception of the dynamics of a long-running process as a set of static states due to the slowness of human perception of the process.

Adaptation in ethnogenesis is the adaptation of an ethnos to the landscape, which occurs through the development of altered behavioral stereotypes.

Actualism is a sense of time in which the present is perceived as the only objective reality.

Annihilation is a decay at the subatomic level with an irreversible loss of light energy going into the intergalactic vacuum.

Antisystem is the systemic integrity of people with a negative attitude.

Attraction is attraction to abstract values of truth, beauty and justice.

The abyss is an emptiness or vacuum that is not part of the material world.

The biosphere is the shell of the Earth, consisting of living matter and products of its activity, with antientropic properties.

Biochemical energy - The energy of living matter is biochemical.

Bipolarity is the possibility of developing systems in two directions - to complication and to simplification with a limit in a vacuum.

Vacuum. - see Abyss.

Zero vibrations are an instantaneous process of the emergence and destruction of virtual particles in a vacuum (void).

Variant of ethnic contact - differences in the ways of interaction of ethnic systems.

Will is the ability to perform actions according to a freely made choice.

Historical time is the process of managing energy potentials between the elements of the ethnosphere, disturbed by passionate shocks.

Harmonious individuals (harmonics) are individuals whose passionate impulse is equal in magnitude to the impulse of the instinct of self-preservation.

Genetic "drift" is the phenomenon of dispersion of a passionate trait outside the population by random connections.

Geobiocenosis or biocenosis is a natural complex of forms, historically, ecologically and physiologically connected into one whole by the commonality of the conditions of existence.

A geochore is a section of the earth's surface that is homogeneous in its ecological features and differs in these features from adjacent areas.

Deeds are actions that are the result of a person's free choice (conscious activity) (as opposed to phenomena).

The diachronic scale is a time reference system from the starting moments of various ethnic systems for their comparison by phases of ethnogenesis.

Ethnic divergence is the disintegration of the ethnic system integrity with the loss of a sense of complementarity at a given level of the ethnic hierarchy.

The dynamic state of an ethnic system is a state of an ethnic system in which, due to a passionate push, fluctuations in biochemical energy - passionarity lead to a change in the phases of ethnogenesis and an active transformation of the ethno-landscape environment (as opposed to homeostasis).

The discreteness of ethnic history is the discontinuity of cause-and-effect relationships that determines the beginnings and ends of ethnogenesis.

The ideal is a distant forecast, perceived intuitively.

The imperative of behavior is an ideal principle of the attitude of an ethnic collective to an individual, whose dominance in the stereotype of the behavior of an ethnic group is associated with the phase of ethnogenesis or the change of phases.

The imperative of behavior is negative - the desire to simplify the system.

The imperative of positive behavior is the desire to complicate the system.

The impulse of instinct - see An instinctive impulse of behavior.

The instinctive behavior impulse (instinct) is an innate behavioral impulse aimed at personal and species self-preservation.

The impulse of consciousness is egoism, which requires reason and will (as opposed to attraction) to realize itself as a goal.

The incubation period is part of the ascent phase from the moment of a passionate push or the beginning of genetic drift to the emergence of an ethnos as a new ethnosocial system.

The incubation period is hidden - that part of the incubation period in which the growth of passionate tension does not lead to the fixation of events by contemporaries.

The incubation period is obvious - that part of the incubation period in which the growth of passionate tension already causes the fixation of events by contemporaries, but does not yet lead to ethnic divergence and the emergence of a new ethno-social system.

Truth is a judgment adequate to a given sum of observed facts, where the error does not exceed a given tolerance.

Historical fate is a chain of events causally connected by their internal logic.

The history of anthropogenic landscapes is the history of interaction between society and nature through the mechanism of the ethnic system.

The history of culture is the collective memory of ethnic groups about their cultural traditions.

Complimentarity - positive or (negative) - a feeling of subconscious mutual sympathy (antipathy) of individuals, which determines the division into "friends" and "strangers".

Convixia is a group of individuals with a one-character lifestyle and family ties, the lowest dachshund of the ethnic hierarchy.

A consortium is a group of people united by one historical destiny, often ephemerally for a short time.

The constellation in the superethnos is the similarity of the tendencies of the development of ethnic groups within the superethnos due to the origin from one passionate impulse.

Beauty is a complex of forms that are pleasing without bias.

Ksenia - letters. "guest" is a variant of symbiosis, in which a small group of representatives of another ethnic group lives in isolation among the aborigines and does not mix with them.

The logic of events is the cause-and-effect relationships between events that determine the further course of the events themselves.

A lie is a deliberate distortion of the truth.

A measure of the stability of an ethnic group is an indicator of the density of ethnic ties of various weights and signs (in the cybernetic sense), which determines the degree of resistance of an ethnic group to external influences.

The locality or homeland of an ethnos is a unique combination of landscape elements, where the ethnos first developed as a system.

The attitude of the world is the passage of the impulse of passionarity (biochemical energy) reflected from the vacuum, fixed by consciousness, expressed in relation to ideal abstract values and the material world.

A negative attitude is an attitude towards the material world, expressed in the desire to simplify systems.

A positive attitude is an attitude towards the material world, expressed in the desire to complicate systems, (build on it).

The mosaic of an ethnos is the heterogeneity of the internal structure necessary to maintain ethnic unity.

Nostalgia is a feeling of incompatibility with a different ethnic field.

Passeism is a sense of time in which the past is accepted as the only objective reality.

Passionaries are individuals whose passionate impulse of behavior exceeds the value of the impulse of the instinct of self-preservation.

Passion induction is a phenomenon of transformation of the behavior of harmonious individuals and subpassionaries in the presence of passionaries under the influence of the passion field.

Passionary tension - the level of passionate tension of the ethnic system.

Passion field is a field caused by the presence of biochemical energy - passionarity.

Passionarity as a characteristic of behavior - an excess of biochemical energy of living matter, generating sacrifice for the sake of an illusory goal.

Passionarity as energy is an excess of the biochemical energy of living matter, the reverse of the vector of instinct and determining the ability to overstrain.

Passionary impulse - see A passionate impulse of behavior.

A passionate impulse of behavior or a passionate impulse is a behavioral impulse directed against the instinct of personal and species self-preservation.

A passionate trait is a recessive genetic trait that causes an increased absorption of biochemical energy from the external environment by individuals and the output of this energy in the form of work.

A passionate push is a micromutation that causes the appearance of a passionate trait in a population, and leads to the emergence of new ethnic systems in certain regions.

Persistence (isolates, static ethnic groups, relics) - ethnic systems that are in ethnic homeostasis. These terms are synonyms in the context of the work.

The freedom band is a set of situations in which free choice is possible. It is here that the right of an individual to choose a development trend is exercised (see Biopolarity).

A population is a collection of individuals inhabiting a certain territory for a number of generations, within which free cross-mixing is carried out.

The principle of uncertainty in ethnology is an objective limitation of the researcher's capabilities when observing a sequence of events, which allows them to be described only in one aspect: either social or ethnic (natural).

The starting moment is the moment of a passionate push in the absolute time scale, which is the reference point "0" for the diachronic scale.

The diversity of the ethnosphere is the inequality of energy potentials introduced in historical times by passionate impulses.

The contact potential differential is a difference in passionarity (biochemical energy) that occurs when two or more superethnoses come into contact.

Reason is the ability to freely choose a reaction under conditions that allow it.

The rhythm of the ethnic field is the frequency of fluctuations of the ethnic field to which the ethnic system has adapted through a stereotype of behavior.

Self-regulation of an ethnos is the ability of an ethnic system to develop in a direction that reduces the costs of biochemical energy - passionarity while maintaining existence and adapting to the environment.

Overstrain is a purposeful effort necessary and sufficient to disrupt the aggregate state of the medium.

Signal heredity is the transfer of skills to offspring through the conditioned reflex of imitation, which forms a stereotype of behavior as the highest form of adaptation.

Symbiosis is the coexistence of two or more ethnic groups in one region, when each occupies its own ecological niche.

Displacement or the result of contact is a violation of the programmed course of the process of ethnogenesis due to external influence.

Death is a way of existence of biospheric phenomena, in which there is a separation of space from time.

Event - breaking of system connections.

Justice is the conformity of morality and ethics.

Aging is the loss of inertia of a passionate impulse in the ethnic system at the personal and ethnic level.

Static sense of time is a perception in which time is ignored as reality.

A behavior stereotype is a set of behavioral skills of members of an ethnic system that changes over time and is transmitted by signal heredity.

The structure of the stereotype of the behavior of an ethnic group is a strictly defined norm of the relationship between a) an ethnic collective and an individual; b) individuals among themselves: c) subethnoses among themselves; d) ethnos and subethnoses among themselves.

Subpassionaries are individuals whose passionate impulse is less than the impulse of the instinct of self-preservation.

A subethnos is an ethnic system that is an element of the structure of an ethnos.

Anthropogenic succession is a gradual change in the enclosing landscape introduced by an adapting ethnic group, arising simultaneously in one landscape region and manifesting itself in history as a mosaic integrity.

Creativity is the direction of behavior that occurs in a population as a result of a passionate push.

The tradition of culture is the sum of knowledge and ideas transmitted over time from ethnos to ethnos.

Simplification is a reduction in the density of systemic connections in the ethnic system.

The level of passion tension of the system, or passion tension, is the amount of passionarity available in the ethnic system, divided by the number of persons who make up the ethnic system.

The level of ethnic contact is the rank of contacting systems in the ethnic hierarchy.

Complication is an increase in the density of systemic connections in the ethnic system.

The akmatic phase is the fluctuations of the passion tension in the ethnic system after the phase of ascent at the maximum level of passionarity for this system.

The inertial phase or inertia phase is a smooth decrease in the passionate tension of the ethnic system after the fracture phase.

The fracture phase is a sharp decrease in the level of passionate tension after the akmatic phase, accompanied by a split in the ethnic field.

The memorial phase is the state of an ethnic group after the obscuration phase, when its individual representatives preserve a cultural tradition.

The phase of obscuration is a decrease in the passion tension below the level of homeostasis, accompanied either by the disappearance of the ethnos as a system, or its transformation into a relic.

The uplift phase is a period of stable increase in the level of the system's passion stress due to a passion thrust or genetic drift.

The phase of ethnogenesis is a set of such levels of passionate tension of the system, each of which, in this direction of the process of ethnogenesis, determines the dominance in the stereotype of behavior of a single imperative of behavior for the whole set of levels.

Fluctuations of the biosphere are changes in the amount of energy of living matter of the biosphere localized in space and time due to passionate shocks.

Futurism is a sense of time in which the future is perceived as the only objective reality.

Chimera is the coexistence of two or more alien superethnic ethnic groups in one ecological niche.

The energy of living matter is biochemical - free energy produced by living organisms in the process of metabolism.

Entropy process is an irreversible process of energy loss.

Anti-egoistic or altruistic ethics is an ethics in which the interests of an individual's ethnic group prevail over his own.

Egoistic ethics is an ethics in which the interests of an individual and his family prevail over the interests of an ethnic collective.

Ethnic diagnostics is a way of distinguishing ethnic groups by a stereotype of behavior and belonging to a particular ethnic tradition.

Ethnic dominant is a phenomenon or a complex of phenomena (religious, ideological, military, household) that determines the transition of ethno-cultural diversity, which is initial for the process of ethnogenesis, into purposeful uniformity.

Ethnic hierarchy is a dynamic subordination of ethnic systems of different taxonomic levels (ranks) in the process of ethnogenesis.

Ethnic history is a function of ethnogenesis and ethnic contacts for periods where events are recorded by sources.

Ethnic regeneration is the restoration of an ethnic structure after-shocks.

Ethnic tradition is the sum of behavioral stereotypes transmitted by the conditioned reflex mechanism.

Ethnic contacts in the aspect of the ethnic field - interference of vibrations of ethnic fields.

Ethnic homeostasis or homeostatic level or static state of an ethnos is a stable state of an ethnic system (structure) in which fluctuations of biochemical energy - passionarity take place within limited limits, determining ethnolandscape equilibrium and the absence of a change of phases of ethnogenesis.

Ethnic contact is the process of interaction between two or more ethnic systems of the same or different ranks of the ethnic hierarchy.

Ethnic substratum - the initial ethnic components (two or more), integrated as a result of a passionate push into a new ethnos.

The ethnic field is the field of behavior and attractiveness of members of the ethnic system arising on the basis of the passion field.

Ethnogenesis is the moment of origin and the whole process of disappearance of an ethnic system under the influence of the entropic process of loss of passionarity.

Ethnogenesis in the aspect of the ethnic field is the dynamics of the oscillatory movement of the ethnic field.

Ethnology is a geographical science that studies the formation of the Earth's ethnosphere as a result of the processes of ethnogenesis in the historical era.

Ethnopsychology is the science of the change of stable moods of an ethnic group manifested in ethnic history, depending on the phase of ethnogenesis.

An ethnos is a naturally formed collective of people based on an original stereotype of behavior, existing as an energy system (structure) that opposes itself to all other such collectives, based on a sense of complementarity.

The ethnosphere is an earthly shell, which is an ethnically mosaic anthroposphere composed of the whole set of ethnocenoses of the Earth.

Ethnocenosis is a geobiocenosis in which the development of a given ethnos occurs, mediated by the process of its adaptation.

Phenomena are the results of the influence of the biosphere on the behavior of a person and an ethnic group.

.